The human brain controls many body functions, receives and interprets information obtained by the five senses. The brain manages our thoughts, memory, speech, movement and all the organs of our body. It is estimated that the human brain contains about 1011 neurons, and each neuron is connected to approximately 104 other neurons. One of the most important properties of the mammalian brain, is synaptic plasticity and it is the changing of the structure, function and organisation of neurons, in response to new experiences. In addition, the synaptic plasticity is also related to processes of learning and memory. This adjustment of the intensities of chemical synapses can be correlated with phenomena of synchronisation of neuronal firing. The occurrence of synchronisation in some specific areas of the brain may be associated with some diseases, such as epilepsy, lesions, Alzheimer and Parkinsons disease. On the other hand, it is also responsible for some vital brain functions, such as processing of sensory information and motor function. With this in mind, I will present in this talk a brief review on the synaptic plasticity and possible effects caused by it.

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